Search results for "International level"
showing 10 items of 35 documents
A mismatch between athlete practice and current sports nutrition guidelines among elite female and male middle- and long-distance athletes
2017
Contemporary nutrition guidelines promote a variety of periodized and time-sensitive recommendations, but current information regarding the knowledge and practice of these strategies among world-class athletes is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate this theme by implementing a questionnaire on dietary periodization practices in national/international level female (n = 27) and male (n = 21) middle- and long-distance runners/race-walkers. The questionnaire aimed to gain information on between and within-day dietary choices, as well as timing of pre- and posttraining meals and practices of training with low or high carbohydrate (CHO) availability. Data are shown as percentage (%)…
Changes in breaststroke swimming performances in national and international athletes competing between 1994 and 2011 -a comparison with freestyle swi…
2014
Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to analyse potential changes in performance of elite breaststroke swimmers competing at national and international level and to compare to elite freestyle swimming performance. Methods Temporal trends in performance of elite breaststroke swimmers were analysed from records of the Swiss Swimming Federation and the FINA (Fédération Internationale de Natation) World Swimming Championships during the 1994–2011 period. Swimming speeds of elite female and male breaststroke swimmers competing in 50 m, 100 m, and 200 m were examined using linear regression, non-linear regression and analysis of variance. Results of breaststroke swimmers were …
A comparison of medley and freestyle performance for national and international swimmers between 1994 and 2011.
2013
Christof Buhl,1 Beat Knechtle,1,2 Christoph Alexander Rüst,1 Thomas Rosemann,1 Romuald Lepers31Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 2Gesundheitszentrum St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland; 3Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, FranceAbstract: The change in swim performance over time has been investigated for freestyle, but not for other strokes, such as in the medley. The aim of the study was to examine changes in 200 m and 400 m swim performances in medley swimmers at national (Switzerland) and international level (world championship finals) from 1994 to 2011. The 200 m and 400 m freestyle per…
The effects of course length on freestyle swimming speed in elite female and male swimmers - a comparison of swimmers at national and international l…
2013
Abstract Freestyle swimming performance over 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m and 1,500 m was compared on short (25 m) and long (50 m) course for 92,196 national swimmers (i.e. annual high score list Switzerland) and 1,104 international swimmers (i.e. finalists FINA World Championships) from 2000 to 2012. National and international swimmers of both sexes were on average 2.0 ± 0.6% faster on short than on long course. Sex-related differences in swimming speed were greater on short than on long course for international and national swimmers from 50 m to 800 m. Freestyle swimming performance improved across years for international swimmers in both short- and long-course whereas only male natio…
Sex-related differences and age of peak performance in breaststroke versus freestyle swimming
2013
Abstract Background Sex-related differences in performance and in age of peak performance have been reported for freestyle swimming. However, little is known about the sex-related differences in other swimming styles. The aim of the present study was to compare performance and age of peak performance for elite men and women swimmers in breaststroke versus freestyle. Methods Race results were analyzed for swimmers at national ranked in the Swiss high score list (during 2006 through 2010) and for international swimmers who qualified for the finals of the FINA World Swimming Championships (during 2003 through 2011). Results The sex-related difference in swimming speed was significantly greater…
Biomechanics of simulated versus natural cross-country sit skiing
2017
The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanics of cross-country sit-skiing in simulated and natural skiing. Thirteen international level athletes participated in a ski ergometer test (simulated conditions) and a test on snow in a ski-tunnel (natural conditions) using their personal sit-ski. Tests in both conditions were performed at individual maximal speed. When comparing the two conditions the main results were: (1) maximal speed in simulated conditions was lower (p < 0.05) but correlated well with the natural condition (r = 0.79, p < 0.001); (2) no differences in pole force variables were found; peak force (r = 0.77, p < 0.01) and average force (r = 0.78, p < 0.01) correla…
The effect of training on aerobic power characteristics of young cross-country skiers.
1987
The influences of growth, training and various training methods were investigated by analysing long-term training effects in young cross-country and biathlon skiers (n = 129). Some athletes (n = 49) were studied six times in three years and some at least once a year during a four year period (n = 48). During three summer training periods skiers emphasized either intensive training or distance training or continued to train normally. The results indicated that maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and heart volume increased between 15 and 20 years of age and the most significant changes in heart volume were observed between 16 and 18 years of age. International level skiers were able to increase t…
ISO 14470:2011 and EU legislative background on food irradiation technology: The Italian attitude
2014
Our work aim is to produce an overview of food irradiation technology at European Union level, with a focus on the Italian context, by specifying the legislative background, detection methods and labelling obligations. We highlight how consumers are too often misinformed about this technology and its benefits. For this purpose, a series of tools aimed at improving the amount of information have been proposed, allowing the consumer to make a free choice about whether or not to buy irradiated food based on the correct information received, independent from socio-economic factors. Finally, we show the common effort at EU and International level, represented by the ISO 14470:2011 quality standa…
Social representations of latin american immigrants about immigration, care and elderly caregivers
2013
Ageing in Spain has increased considerably and elderly people often find themselves in a situation of great dependence. Facing this situation, many have had the support of immigrant caregivers from Latin America. This research had the purpose to know the social representations (SR) of these caregivers, living in Valencia (Spain), about immigration, care and elderly care. It involved the participation of 35 immigrants who responded the Word Association Test and a socio-demographic questionnaire. The results revealed that the SR on immigration reflect "nostalgia", care was represented by "help", and care for the elderly by "respect". It is concluded that the SR allow understanding the symboli…
Analysis of effectiveness of free segment actions and antero-posterior and lateral body displacements during the take-off phase of high jump (flop st…
2018
The aim of this study is to analyse frontal and lateral displacements, as well as free segment actions in a sample of 10 athletes (7 in national categories and 3 at an international level) in order...